Power Generation

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Professional Engineering Training and PQEs

Introduction

The Professional Engineering Training (PET) Course, trains up to 14 Professionally Qualified Engineers (PQEs) each year, following 10 months of academic study in Chatham and 15 months on secondment to a civilian construction firms and design offices, either in the UK, Australia or the USA. The academic work for the MSc they complete, includes the production of a technical thesis and this article, provides a summary of the top Civil thesis, written by Maj Alex Bradford and the best Electrical & Mechanical thesis, written by Capt Richard Everard, both receiving the Rainy Anderson Prize by the InstRE. Both theses tackle sustainability considerations in infrastructure.

What is a PQE and what do they do?

A PQE is an infrastructure specialist within the Royal Engineers having completed the MSc in Military Construction Engineering and wider PET Course training objectives. The experiences gained throughout their military service and civilian attachments, provide sufficient evidence to allow the individuals to apply for Chartered Engineer (CEng) review, with either the Institute of Civil Engineers (ICE), Institute of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) or the Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET).

 

A Model Solar-Powered Green Microgrid for a Typical Urban EV Charging Network to 2055

Capt Richard Everard

This thesis begins by exploring the underlying climate change drivers before diving more deeply into the technical factors that drive possible responses and solutions. In their Synthesis Report for the sixth assessment on climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has urged the global community to act immediately to reduce their carbon production. As a part of their policy for carbon net-zero energy by 2050, UK Government has committed to banning the sale of all new petroleum-fuelled vehicles by 2035 and is incentivised to upscale national solar power generation to 70GW in the same timeframe.

This thesis builds on the current literature on the subject by considering a uniquely solar-powered, carbon-neutral (‘green’) microgrid to fulfil the EV charging requirements for a typical urban community to 2055. It does this by constructing a model for the EV population of the London Borough of Barnet as a representative data source. Current EV market share was compared with values expected in the literature and found to be 5-10% of that expected, and so the population model was scaled accordingly to 2055, where 44-53% of all vehicles are expected to be electric (68,000 – 79,000).

Predicted number of EVs using different statistical models within sample area (Barnet)

Breakeven Solar Array size required to meet L2 EV demand (Barnet)

In order to bound the problem, a series of reasoned assumptions were made: that solar arrays were matched with energy storage so that average daily demand could be tackled rather than the peak; that L2 charging remains the majority charging method within Barnet due to its dense urban nature; that the relatively low individual vehicle usage endures as the majority of commuting in London occurs through public transport; and that commercial c-Si solar cell efficiency matches that achieved under current laboratory conditions. The results and conclusions are therefore situated for a densely-populated urban environment with ideal solar cell efficiency; they should be considered in this context.

This model was used to scale the charging transaction data for Barnet for 2021- 22 at discrete intervals to 2055, enabling the computation of daily EV charging load profiles which were compared against a solar PV generation profile for a crystalline-silicon (c-Si) solar cell. The charging data used was limited to that of L2 charging – on street charging, excluding at home charging and fast charging. Using the total energy demand in a 24h window, a minimum-sized solar array was calculated to fulfil the charging demands at each time interval to 2055, with the final requirement estimated to be between 6600m2 – 7800m2. It is suggested that this could be achieved through use of domestic rooftops.

Given the asynchrony of the EV charging profile with solar irradiance characteristics (daily and seasonal variation), both short- and long-term energy storage methods are suggested to balance the two. Li-ion battery banks, super capacitors, pumped storage hydropower (PSH) and green hydrogen storage are identified for further investigation.

Read the full Thesis here


 

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